The bombing of Vemork and Rjukan – 16 November 1943

In the late morning of 16 November 1943 American bombers came in over Vestfjorddalen. The museum board at Vemork gives 143 B-17 aircraft and 711 bombs, spread across seven flight groups with a common run-in and a dispersed run-out. The American mission archive for VIII Bomber Command Mission 131 lists 160 B-17s from 3rd Bomb Division sent out, of which 147 dropped over Rjukan/Vemork at 11.43–11.45; a separate B-24 force from 392nd Bomb Group hit the nitrate factory in Rjukan at 12.12. Only some twenty bombs hit Vemork itself.

The attack destroyed about one month's heavy water production and made the Germans give up the plant and move the remaining stock to Germany the following year. Around 22 Norwegian civilians were killed, sixteen of them in a newly built air raid shelter at Våer.

THIS MAPPING IS APPROXIMATE. Unlike the Gunnerside reconstruction, there are no named ground points to fix the flight tracks against. Only the targets are accurate: Vemork, Rjukan fabrikker and the air raid shelter at Våer are taken from Kartverket's place-name register. The run-in, the waves and the run-outs are simplified from the board's seven flight groups to three attack waves and two run-out directions, and show the pattern – a common run-in from the south-west, dispersal over the two factory areas, run-out in different directions – not the actual flight tracks.

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